Essay about The History of Prohibition - 975 Words

The History of Prohibition Source A is aptly named â€Å"Slaves of the saloon†. It shows a man handing over what we guess is his weekly wages to the owner of a saloon – we guess by the men drinking in the background that he is using it to buy alcohol. The source also depicts a woman and her children sitting around a table with no food. We can guess fairly easily that this is the man in the saloon’s family; there is a bill on the floor hinting at lack of money for necessities, utter desperation is on all of their faces. The poster was probably printed to persuade the general public that the 18th amendment (banning the transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors) should be passed. It is likely to have†¦show more content†¦The First World War undoubtedly played a major part in the beginning of prohibition. One big standing reason was that it was â€Å"unpatriotic† to drink beer which was most probably brewed in Germany. Source E was apparently taken after a raid on a â€Å"speakeasy†. The prohibition agents in this source have guns, making them look very professional and dangerous. The photo also shows us exactly how much alcohol was being stored and sold in these illegal bars – it seems as if the boxes have been positioned so they look like the raid is on a massive scale. All of the agents were looking at the camera so it seems unlikely that is it spur of the moment. The way the bottles of liquor are lined up makes me think that it is staged. It is highly possible that it was taken by the government to scare the owners of speakeasies that the government is cracking down on prohibition and they will not get away. It’s probably propaganda, the only problem being that the photo showed weakness on a level – simply by being taken and published (possibly in a newspaper – we don’t know the exact source) it shows that the prohibition perhaps wasn’t workin g as well as the government may have liked and that they had to reinforce it. There are seven prohibition agents in the photograph when in the whole of the Unites States ofShow MoreRelatedThe History of Drug Prohibition Essays953 Words   |  4 Pages Drug prohibition was not always accepted as it is today. Indeed, until the early twentieth century, there were few drug laws at all in the United States. Before the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914, one could buy heroin at the corner drugstore; even Coca-Cola contained small amounts of cocaine until 1903 (Vallance 4). Some of the most proscribed drugs today were sold like candy and (quite literally) soda pop. What caused the sudden shift to prohibition? Prohibitionists often point outRead MoreAmerican History: The Prohibition Era522 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"The Noble Experiment† â€Å"Prohibition seemed to offer the promise of a great cure-all for poverty, corruption, and crime† -Bill Severn In American history prohibition was a time in which the transportation, sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited. Prohibition lasted approximately thirteen years serving from 1920 until 1933. The US banned sale of liquor with an alcohol content greater than 2.75%. Andrew Volstead wasRead MoreHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesThis current paper will examine the history, social factors, and economic impact of the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (2011) delve into the topic of alcohol in America in their documentary Prohibition, and this paper will discuss the events before, during, and after the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. This paper will also relate the prohibition of alcohol to the current drug policies of cocaine in the United States. Alcohol and cocaine wereRead MoreThe prohibition was a period of about 14 years in United States history in which the manufacture,700 Words   |  3 PagesThe prohibition was a period of about 14 years in United States history in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor, or alcoholic beverage, was made illegal. This took place within the years 1920-1933. Throughout these times, the effects of the prohibition took a great turn on the United States. A large portion of America was upset with the new law and went to great extents to get alcohol illegally. The prohibition was a rough fourteen years for the government and citizens of TheRead MoreProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by prohibition. The prohibition law restricted the manufacturing, consumption, transportation, and sale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, characters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passedRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead MoreProhibition During The Era Of 1920-1933 Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesProhibition Essay: By: Savannah Crawford During the era of 1920-1933 could best be characterized as the path to a sober nation. This time of history consisted of the eighteenth amendment which was passed on October 28th 1919; Volstead Act. The Volstead act was created to carry out the movement of prohibition. In addition, Prohibition is the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption according to dictionary.com. Furthermore, this amendment concurs thatRead MoreProhibition in America: The Rights of Individuals vs. the Responsibilities of a Nation 1612 Words   |  7 Pages PROHIBITION IN AMERICA The Rights of Individuals vs. the Responsibilities of a Nation â€Æ' The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages† . This historical, yet short era, known as â€Å"Prohibition†, set an example that is still referred to today. As people scrambled all around the country trying to illegally obtain alcohol, the country was once again in a state of chaos. As part of a Christian based temperanceRead MoreHistory of Drug Laws and Law Enforcement1637 Words   |  7 Pagesenforcement of drug laws. Brief History of the United States Drug Laws The first American law that prohibited the use of a specific drug was an 1875 ordinance passed by the city of San Francisco which banned the smoking of opium in opium dens (4). This law, however, was not passed to stop the use and sale of opium. The ordinance was passed because of widespread fear that Chinese men were luring white men and women to their moral ruin in opium dens (The History of). White San FranciscansRead MoreBootlegging1172 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature 20 April 2011 Bootlegging â€Å"The more taboos and inhibitions there are in the world, the poorer people become†¦ The more articulate the laws and ordinances, the more robbers and thieves arise† (qtd. in â€Å"Rumrunning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The 1920’s in American History was an extraordinary time period due to the extreme prosperity of the people who lived in it. The lust for bigger and better conveniences was developed and led people to want easy money. After the eighteenth amendment went into effect, the quickest

Stigma And Stigma Of Drug Addiction - 1478 Words

Nathan Krikorian Stigma of Addiction 10/20/2014 Drug addiction is stigmatized throughout society. Stigma is seen in all types of situations; race, religion, disease, mental health, addiction, what a person’s social and economic standing is. All those examples can be stigmatized, and we, ourselves, do this every day and may not know we are. Because society and especially the media has engrained these moral judgments in our minds about what is right or what is normal. But we should take a second to think about these things a little more in depth before defaulting to what we think we know about these problems. In the case of drug addiction, we see stigma in all types of shapes and sizes. Whether in the media or walking to class with a group of friends, we see it more often than not. That feeling you get when you see a person on the street walking through the rows of cars at a stoplight. Some people (myself included) roll up their windows and avoid eye contact hoping they will just walk by. Chances are that person is in that s ituation because of a serious addiction and really needs help, but isn’t afforded that chance because we the normal people avoid them at all cost. Maybe we can change that. Maybe we can break through these common stigmas and begin to make a change in the way addiction is viewed in society. We first need to ask ourselves what stigma actually is. The government of Western Australia Mental Health Commission defines stigma as, â€Å"†¦ a mark of disgrace thatShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma Of Drug Addiction1791 Words   |  8 PagesThe Stigma of Drug Addiction â€Å"Addiction is a choice not a disease†, is a common phrase that stigmatizes drug addiction in our everyday language. The lack of public knowledge about this social problem causes widespread stigmatization and discrimination of the ill. As a result, many individuals who seriously need professional help feel isolated and hopeless, making it harder for them to recover. Although, there are many efforts to reduce the stigma of addiction, false conceptsRead MoreAdolescent Stigma Towards Drug Addiction1830 Words   |  8 PagesAdolescent Stigma Towards Drug Addiction Ashley Bower Chapman University Adolescent Stigma Towards Drug Addiction Introduction The impact of stigma in today’s society is not studied enough, however, it should be because of the effects it can have on a persons life decisions. It is defined as a negative or shameful characteristic, more specifically, one that indicates a sign of disorder (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2011). The article addresses how individuals who abuse drugs are likelyRead MoreDrug Addiction : A Serious Illness1276 Words   |  6 Pages Drug addiction is a serious illness that can ultimately lead to the breakdown of families, long term psychological issues, and challenges that last a lifetime. People experiment with drugs for various reasons, whether it be for fun or to escape an unpleasant feeling. Some may try drugs the first time out of sheer curiosity, to fit in with friends who are using, or to enhance their performance at some activity. Others may try drugs to help them cope with difficulties in life. Drug addictionRead MoreStigm Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Ident ity1643 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, Stigma: Notes on the management of Spoiled Identity, Erving Goffman defined stigma as an â€Å"attribute that is deeply discrediting† and that reduces the bearer â€Å"from normal being to a person that is tainted† (Goffman 1963, p. 3). It is considered a form of stereotype or labeling of a person or group based on their illness and handicap. The topic that I will be discussing in this paper is Alcoholism, how people who are alcohol dependence are stigmatized and ways to help reduce the stigma and discriminationRead MoreIs There Anybody Out There?. Maia Szalavitz, Author Of1484 Words   |  6 Pagesabout our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. When you hear the words drug addict you think of desensitizing termsRead MoreWarning : Side Effects On Health874 Words   |  4 PagesWarning: Side Effects During a Methadone study, a misuser articulates experiences with addiction stigma by stating, â€Å"They look at you like you’re a drug addict and then they look at you like they can treat you any way they want. You know what I mean. You’re a drug addict. Well, you’re lower than I am if you use drugs.† (Earnshaw, et. al, 8). Impacts of addiction can be felt by the whole community. Administration of psychoactive medication is a valuable technique of treatment for ailments, but irresponsibleRead MoreA False Explanation Of The Nature, Purpose And Goals Of A Research Team1125 Words   |  5 Pagessurveys will be given prior to entering the program, after completion of the first step, after completion of the program, and four months after completion of the program. The between-subjects variable will be addiction type. There will be an alcohol abuser group, drug abuser group, and combined drug and alcohol group. There will be 100 participants in each group. Ti me will be the independent variable, and the dependent variable will be self-deception. Self deception will be measured by the self-deceptionRead MorePlaying The Odds On Society975 Words   |  4 Pagesin close proximity to the addict’s life are the first to recognize the illness and stigmatize the individual. The job of the addict is to remain as discreet as possible in order for his or her stigma to remain hidden from public view. But once recognition of the addict’s deviance occurs, a powerful stigma is born leading the majority of people in close relation to develop shameful views on the freshly labeled man or woman. In order to be recognized by others as an addict, there are several uniqueRead MoreMaia Szalavitz, Author Of Unbroken Brain, Points Out In1270 Words   |  6 Pagesabout our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. When you hear the words drug addict you think of desensitizing termsRead MoreWhen You Hear The Words Drug Addict You Think Of Desensitizing1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthe words drug addict you think of desensitizing terms, like â€Å"junkie† or â€Å"crack head† and when you see someone panhandling for money on the street, passed out, or swaying in a doorway you lik ely wonder, â€Å"why don’t they just get help?† Maia Szalavitz, author of Unbroken Brain, points out an article about our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs. According

Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line free essay sample

Airlines is the largest successful low-fare airline carrier in the United States. â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit. † (Southwest Airlines, 2012) Southwest operates the business based on its core values: culture, philosophy, and spirit. â€Å"People are important†¦each one makes a difference. † (Surenderan, E. 2010, March 6) They are committed to establishing transparency to their employees, customers, and stakeholders with Southwest’s One Report, which is the framework for their triple bottom line: people, planet, and profit. Southwest understands the changes in the workforce and the global implications. They recognize employees look for organizations that â€Å"develop an empowered culture where employees routinely come up with ways to improve performance; sustainability is one of the areas employees focus on. (Hitchcock, 2012, Kindle Location 4021-4022) Southwest also realizes consumers are also â€Å"telling individual business units that sustainability issues such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, and climate change mattered to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Senge, 2008, Kindle Locations 1630-1631) The One Report details their corporate social responsibility in relation to sustainability efforts, measurements, and environmental considerations. People One of Southwest greatest strengths, and the main reason why I would work for the organization, is the way their employees are treated. Southwest believes â€Å"our People are our greatest strength and an enduring long-term competitive advantage. † (Southwest, 2011) Their performance management strategy is â€Å"employees, not customers come first!!! † (Surenderan, E. , 2010, March 6); the belief is happy employees will ultimately result in happy customers. The organization promotes a culture for creativity and innovation, which in turn, improves operational effectiveness and customer service. Southwest offers their employees â€Å"the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Customer. (Southwest, 2012) Consumer Reports has recognized Southwest as the â€Å"Airline Customer Satisfaction Leader. † Planet Another reason why I would work for Southwest is due to their sustainability efforts. Southwest has collaborated with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) the two internationally recognized frameworks for communicating the triple bottom line. The GRI provides organizations a comprehensive sustainability reporting framework that is adopted around the world; The CDP helps manage environmental risks and provides strategies for climate change. One initiative Southwest implemented is the co-mingled waste recycle program, which has diverted over 2,600 tons of waste from landfills. Southwest has also teamed up with the Student Conservation Association (CSA) to conduct conservation service projects nationwide; their combined efforts have generated over 114,000 volunteered hours towards giving back to the community. Profit Lastly, an important factor for wanting to work for Southwest is the stability of the organization. Southwest uses One Report as a means of measurement and reporting sustainability initiatives in regards to performance, people, and planet. Record revenue Performance led to our 39th consecutive year of profitability—a feat unmatched in U. S. aviation history. † (Southwest, 2011) Their continual success has led to the acquisition of AirTran Airways in 2011, and Better Investing has rated Southwest as one of the better investing â€Å"Top 100 Companies. † Southwest understands that â€Å"qua lity corporate governance is a necessary foundation for achieving long-term Shareholder, Employee, and Customer value. † (Southwest 2011) Conclusion In conclusion, Southwest considers corporate social responsibility and the changes in the workforce in order to maintain operationalize sustainability. They understand that employees not only look growth opportunities from an organization, they are searching for organizations that are economically and environmentally sustainable. Their customers are doing the same, they are looking for organizations’ corporate social responsibly and to become more environmentally sustainable.

The poets present characters Essay Example For Students

The poets present characters Essay In this essay these two poems from different cultures will be compared. The similarities and differences of how the poets present characters are going to be compared and the similarities and differences of how the poets portray the people through language will also be contrasted.  The people in Two Scavengers in a Truck are garbage men in a bright yellow truck and are wearing red plastic blazers; this is their uniform and shows that it is not their choice to wear the primary colours which make them appear to have a simple dress- sense but they are forced to wear it. Thus, their uniform reflects their basic lifestyle. We will write a custom essay on The poets present characters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, the elegant couple who are presented stereotypically, are in an elegant open Mercedes which is much more stylish, fashionable and expensive in contrast to the garbage truck. The elegant man is in a hip three- piece linen suit which is smart and classy as oppose to the red plastic blazers as linen is pricier than plastic. The elegant man is described as having shoulder length blond hair and is wearing sunglasses, similarly the younger bin man also possesses sunglasses and long hair, therefore proposing that people who look similar, can have completely different jobs. The older bin man is also depicted as having a hunched back like the gargoyle Quasimodo, the reason for this could be because he is tired from being up since four a.m. and working for a long period of time, unlike the elegant couple who are still on the way to his architects office at nine a.m., therefore they have not even begun to work yet. The comparison of the bin man with the gargoyle Quasimodo gives the reader the image that the bin man is hideous compared to the elegant man. On the other hand, the elegant woman is casually coifed, meaning she is stylishly and comfortably arranged dissimilar to the garbage man with a hunched back. Both bin men are grungy from their route providing the reader with the idea that they are dishevelled and unkempt, nothing unlike the couple who are elegant and neat.  Since the rich man is an architect, he must be well educated as oppose to the garbage men who are not particularly educated, perhaps because they did not work to the best of their ability whilst they were at school. The characters in Night of the Scorpion are the peasants, mother, father, a Scorpion and a holy man. The peasants are portrayed as being religious since they buzzed the name of God a hundred times but also useless and unnecessary because they were unsuccessful in their search for the scorpion and could do nothing to save the life of the mother. The reader is also given the impression that the peasants are just rushing to where the excitement and the attraction is because the peasants came like swarms of flies, this gives the idea that the peasants are not truly concerned for the welfare of the mother. There is a clear contrast between the peasants peace of understanding and the mother who twistedgroaning on a mat; it seems ironic that they are at peace due to her discomfort. The peasants say things such as May the sins of your previous birth be burned away tonight and May your suffering decrease the misfortunes of your next birth to comfort the mother, but also because they believe that good can arise from the scorpions bite.  The mother is depicted as obviously being in pain due to her being stung by a scorpion, but more importantly though, she is also described as being selfless for the reason that she states Thank God the scorpion picked on me and spared my children. Accordingly, this gives the impression that the mother loves and cares for her children to the extent that she puts their safety before her own. .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .postImageUrl , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:hover , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:visited , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:active { border:0!important; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:active , .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64 .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5813724aa98501bc3658f496da479e64:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, Sonnet 43 by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and The Flea by John Donne EssayThe father is a sceptic and rationalist so he is not superstitious whereas the peasants are because they say things such as with every movement that the scorpion made his poison moved in mothers blood. Even though the father is not superstitious he still was trying every curse and blessing, powder, mixture, herb and hybrid. He even poured a little paraffin upon the bitten toe and put a match to it. This shows that the father really cares for the mother, and that in desperate times people would try anything regardless of whether they believed it or not.

Example of a Term Paper

Example of a Term Paper Example of a Term Paper Example of a Term Paper Abortion is one of the most popular topics for term paper writing.   Nevertheless, wealth of information makes it even harder to write good term papers.   offers you a free example of term paper on abortion.   Our paper writing blog has hundreds of free term paper samples on a wide range of topics.   Custom term paperwriting service is also available if you want to get a term paper written especially for you! Our prices are well-balanced to meet the financial needs of every student! Example of a Term Paper: Abortion and Religion Papal, as well as theological, opinion varied on the abortion with the times. Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) declared that abortion was acceptable if performed before the fetus had moved, usually during the first forty days. But more than three hundred years later in 1588 Pope Sixtus V announced that all abortions were murder. And three years later in 1591 a new pope, Gregory XIV, revoked all penalties except for abortion after the forty-day period. This Church law lasted until 1869 when Pope Pius IX returned to the sanctions of Sixtus V and eliminated the distinction between an animated and a non-animated fetus and disallowed abortion at any time. This makes the present Church attitude condemning abortion only one hundred years old. A good Catholic woman living in the six hundred years between the thirteenth and the nineteenth centuries (except during the three years of Pope Sixtus' pronouncement) could have had an abortion during the first forty days of her pregnancy and remained a go od Catholic, while today abortion is banned and the rule of 1588 is followed. Pope Pius' ban on abortion in 1869 was supposedly done in an effort to counteract the spread of contraception and also as a result of the new scientific understanding of when, where and how fertilization takes place. After centuries of debate, the Church has reversed itself several times, alternating between conservative and liberal phases on its attitude toward abortion. Now, of course, it takes the view that to destroy the fertilized ovum is tantamount to murder. Pope Pius XI in 1930 said that "The life of each [mother and fetus] is equally sacred and no one has the power, not even the public authority, to destroy it." Today the Church is still strongly opposed to abortion. Thirty Roman Catholic bishops meeting in New York recently issued a statement reaffirming their position that "the Church disowns by immediate excommunication any Catholic who deliberately procures an abortion or helps someone else to do so." The letter called the state abortion law an "outrage against humanity." The letter went on to say that "each day they [abortionists] grow wealthier from the killing of unborn children some of whom have been heard to cry as they were dropped into surgical trash cans." In response to this, Dr. Jean Pakter, director of Maternity and Newborn Services for the New York City Department of Health, described the letter as "hysterical." She said that a total of twenty-six fetuses were born alive after legal abortions in New York and several were beyond the twenty-four-week legal limit for abortions. Custom Term Paper Writing Example of a term paper is written with the aim to give you a good sample of professional writing.   If you need individual assistance, you should order custom term paper writing help at this site. Custom paper writers are able to impress you with quality writing and timely delivery.   Plagiarism report is provided for free!

Definition and Examples of Stative Verbs

Definition and Examples of Stative Verbs In English grammar, a stative verb is a  verb used primarily to describe a state of being  (I am) or situation (I have). Its how something is, feels, or appears. These verbs dont show physical action (I run) or processes (It prints). Stative verbs can describe a mental or emotional state of being (I doubt) as well as a physical state (Kilroy was here). The situations illustrated by state verbs are unchanging while they last and can continue for a long or indefinite time period. Key Takeaways: Stative Verbs Stative verbs are not action or dynamic verbs.  Stative verbs describe how something is or seems or a mental process.Revise them out of your writing to increase imagery and details in a passage. Common examples include be, have, like, seem, prefer, understand,  belong, doubt, hate,  and  know, such as in the saying, We  are  what we  believe  we  are. These types of words are also known as  being verbs (especially in the case of be, am, is, are, was, and were), or  static verbs.  Contrast them with  dynamic verbs, which show action. Types of Stative Verbs Four types of stative verbs include: senses, emotion, being, and possession. Theres no one right way to classify them, of course, and some words can fit in multiple categories, depending on the context of their usage. Geoffrey Leach and colleagues group the four types this way: (a) Perception and sensation (e.g.  see, hear, smell, hurt, taste)...(b) Cognition, emotion, attitude (e.g.  think, feel, forget, long, remember)...(c) Having and being (e.g.  be, have, have to, cost, require)...(d) Stance (e.g.  sit, stand, lie, live, face) (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2012) Sensing Verbs Senses and perception verbs include data coming into your five senses: SeeHearSmellTasteSeemSoundLookSense Emotion and Thought Verbs Emotion and thought verbs include: LoveHateAdoreLikeDespiseDoubtFeelBelieveForgetRememberLongAgree/disagreeEnjoyNeedThinkRecognizePreferUnderstandSuspectAppear Possession Verbs Possession verbs include: HaveBelongIncludeOwnWant Being/Qualities Verbs Verbs that describe states of  being include: Be/Are/IsWeighContainInvolveContainConsist Writing Advice: Revise Them Out Some writing advice will tell you never to use to be verbs, but sometimes theyre unavoidable. Of course, if you can revise a paragraph that has a bunch of lifeless verbs into one where theres more action, thats typically the way to go, as it makes your writing more dynamic and sensory for the reader.   For example, look at the sentence, His room was a mess. This description could mean a lot of things to different people, such as a neat freak vs. a clutter bug. But if you revise to include sensory imagery and more description, youll have a much fuller experience for the reader and less ambiguity. Revised description: Piles of dirty clothes rose from the floor, books and papers covered the desk, and trash overflowed the wastebasket. Grammar: To Be but Not to Being Though stative verbs can be in the present, past, or future tenses, theyre not usually in motion. That is, stative verbs usually dont occur in the progressive  form (an -ing verb form paired with a helper, such as in are trying; you wouldnt say, for example, I am having a pencil.)   Of course, our malleable English language is made up of exceptions to the rules. Susan J. Behrens, in Grammar: A Pocket Guide, notes, [T]here is some advertising that plays with stative verbs. The McDonalds slogan Im loving it uses a stative verb in the present progressive form (Routledge, 2010). These types of usages are becoming more common, denoting conditions that are temporary, such as in, Youre looking awesome tonight. Some argue that you cant use them in the imperative mood (the command form, such as in the sentence Come with me), but there are plenty of exceptions here, too, because even though the contexts where you use them in this way would be pretty narrow, they still exist. You could give someone an item and say, Have it. You could plead with someone, Love me, or make a person bristle by forcefully imploring, Understand this... Exceptions: Both Stative and Dynamic English also has plenty of gray areas, where a word isnt always only in one or the other category- sometimes words are stative and sometimes active. As with so many things in English, it depends on context. Sylvia Chalker and Tom McArthur explained, It is generally more useful to talk of stative and dynamic meaning and usage  [rather than types alone]...Some verbs belong to both categories but with distinct meanings, as with have in She has red hair  [stative] and She is having dinner [active] (The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992). Another example could be with the word feel. Someone can feel sad (a state of being), and a person can also physically feel a texture (an action). They can also  tell others to check it out as well: Feel how soft!   Or even think can be in both categories, even though it doesnt seem like a very dynamic process. Compare the usage of  I think thats really lousy with the famous scene in Back to the Future when Biff comes up to George in the cafe and commands him, Think, McFly! Think, while knocking on his head.

Course assignment, question 3-5-8, need assisance Coursework

Course assignment, question 3-5-8, need assisance - Coursework Example By use of sentence structures, they should be able to explain their hobbies that include: Comment: Target language refers only to the new things you are going to teach in the lesson (individual names of hobbies). Your students already know adverbs of frequency, question formation, tenses and sentence structure, so it is assumed knowledge. Here you need to list vocabulary of hobbies, e.g. swimming, horseriding, collecting coins, playing chess or whatever else you are going to teach in your lesson. You need between 10-12 hobbies. Comment: Yes. The present simple, present continuous and the adverbs of frequency are assumed knowledge. Without prior knowledge of these structures this lesson would be too difficult for elementary students. However, a quick review of the adverbs of frequency is a good idea near the beginning of the lesson just to refresh students memories. 5. Thou at this level sentence and question structure may not be perfect; there could be chances where some students might struggle with making meaningful structures while incorporating the vocabularies of hobbies. Comment: Ok but here you need to think more about language problems when teaching the target language of hobbies. . The students may revert to L1 collocations, e.g. â€Å"I make photos/ I bike ride† as in the French and Spanish. Please think of other problems. Comment: Yes and as there is such a possible range of hobbies in this topic, I would restrict the number of words taught to between 10 - 12 using visuals to help students understand meaning. If you try to teach more vocabulary than this you are likely to overwhelm your students with too much information that they cannot assimilate. Now write a lesson plan for a 45-minute-long lesson on the chosen topic in the space provided below. Click here to remind yourself of the model structure for a lesson plan. To pass this task, make sure each stage of your plan includes an activity

Native American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Native American Culture - Essay Example Vocals were very important and were the anchor of the Native American music (Pritzker, 1998). Singing and percussion was crucial and songs ranged from solo to responsorial and multipart singing (Barreiro, Akwe: kon Press. & National Museum of the American Indian ,2004). Music was mainly done by groups of people and hence there was no musical harmony and the rhythms were irregular. The people who sang songs were very passionate and spiritual and when they sang, they did it to involve spirits, make rain or heal the sick. Music form different tribes differed in terms of vocals and dancing styles. A common characteristic in all Native American music is that while dancing, men danced round in circles while the women danced in one place. Native American music is very intricate and complex due to the combined vocals and varying sounds from drums and flutes. The music began at a lower note and gradually grew faster and more emphatic both in vocals and sounds from the musical instruments. The natives were from very many tribes ad each tribe had a unique dancing style and hence the Native American culture in music is so rich. Tribes such as the Eskimos produced simple music and simple dancing styles while other tribes such as the Zuni and Hopi are characterized with very complex music comprising of different vocals and many dancing styles. The Native American music has not been replicated in the modern music, but the folk dances of the present day resemble those of the past. Music played a vital role in the Native American communities was simply unavoidable (Barreiro, Akwe: kon Press. & National Museum of the American Indian ,2004). Music was played for historical purposes, for education and for passing of information from one generation to another. Most songs contained information that the different tribes wanted to keep and hence such songs were often played. Ceremonial music was respected since it was said that they originated

Marriot and Body Shop Aims and Objectives Essay Example for Free

Marriot and Body Shop Aims and Objectives Essay introduction Marriot is an international brand however the purpose of this controlled assessment, they will be my local business known as London Heathrow Marriott-LHM. Marriott is currently a private limited company (PLC) and has two other private investors as owners of the company. The Marriott hotel was founded in 1993 and is located in Harlington, Hayes. Currently its labour turnover for the month of September (2010) is an increase of 10.1%. Marriott acquires approximately 133,000 employee’s world wide and between 8,000-9,000 employees in the UK. My other local business is The Body shop. The Body Shop is an international business Definition of Aims The long-term goals a business wants to achieve. Goals that a business wants to achieve to be successful. Explain what aims are Definition of objectives The specific steps taken by a business to achieve a goal Objectives have to S.M.A.R.T, this stands for: * Specific * Measurable * Achievable * Realistic * Time Marriott’s aims * Guest Satisfaction Superiority * Marriott Profitability Owner Return on Investment * Associate Satisfaction Marriott’s objectives * GSS (Customer Target) 75% (satisfied with overall service) * Sales turnover of  £20m per annum * Labour turnover less than or equal to 25% Summarising Marriott’s aims and objectives Marriot have set themselves three aims that they hope to achieve. These three aims vary from making a profit on their investment to guest and employee satisfaction. Marriott’s first aim and objective focuses on customer satisfaction. They are going to meet this goal by being customer focused and meeting customer needs. To achieve this they will do everything in their power to keep their customers happy to give recommendations to other people and for them to keep coming back to their hotel. They need to deliver the â€Å"wow factor† by providing the best quality of service. They intend to meet this aim by encouraging their guests to complete a â€Å"Guest Satisfaction Survey†. To achieve their aim they need 75% of their customers to be satisfied. The management team reviews all these surveys to find out what they need to improve on to make the hotel and make it the best in the industry. They also focus on associate satisfaction which focuses on the employees. They are striving for labour turnover less than or equal to 25% therefore Marriott hope not to lose more than 1 in 4 of their employees. They aim to make employees satisfied by ensuring their staff is happy. They will achieve this aim by motivating their staff and rewarding them with staff benefits for example LHM offer â€Å"Valuable room rate, food and beverage, and retail discounts at global Marriott locations.† This gives the employees the feeling that Marriott cares about them. Also the amount of pay that is offered by Marriott is higher than most equivalent jobs. This makes the employees want to stay as they know that there is a very slim chance that they will find this amount of pay anywhere else, or they may not get the same amount of bonuses-motivating them to do better- The want the communication between the staff and Marriott management to be strong as this gives the employees the sense that they are involved within the business. Their third aim and objective focuses on Income and money made. Marriott want to make a profit and have a sales turnover of  £20m per annum. By doing this they will be able to maintain share prices and reward shareholders with dividends. Furthermore they will be able to do this by increasing sales revenue for this hotel. This has been set out by the management senior Marriott personnel in the US. The will achieve this by providing the best quality of service. body shopAims * Leading business in the beauty industry * Fair trade * Protect human rights – customers and staff * Protect the Environment and planet body shop objectives * Continue to grow by maximizing sales * All our suppliers have signed the Code of conduct supporting ethical, fair trade program. * Improving working conditions for body shop employees and protecting their Human rights * Every product packaging is made from 100% recycled materials Summary of the body shop aims and objectives

Siddhartha and Narcissus and Goldmund Comparative Essay -- essays rese

Siddhartha and Narcissus and Goldmund Comparative Essay Hermann Hesse was a man that lived from 1877 and 1962 and faced a life of struggle as he coped with the effects of war. During this period of time the theme of finding yourself was quite popular and experiences affect his works. Hesse wrote both Narcissus And Goldmund and Siddhartha, two books that are about men who are searching for who they are. The novels themselves have various ideas in common, even small details, but are two different pieces of work. The protagonists in both these books are out on a quest to find themselves, who they are and what they are doing. Both Siddhartha and Goldmund start off strictly bound to their fate but drift to other ideas, like Siddhartha going from Brahmin status to that of an ascetic and Goldmund from being in cloister life to a wayfarer. Although the two were both in respectable positions in their own societies, an internal conflict drove them in another direction. Goldmund had been forced to work and become a holy man but not because he willed it, it was because of his father pressuring him. The same thing with Siddhartha and he also went against his fathers wishes to become an ascetic. Both were now on the road less people would rather not travel, but the were on a mission to resolve this conflict. They would go from place to place as they pleased. There is both pain and sorrow in the two journeys of these wanderers, as both of them seem to keep leaving the people they get clos...

How to Properly Inform an Employee Regarding Their Evaluation Performance Essay

The topic scenario chosen is regarding an employee, Maria of Latino ancestry, who filed a complaint that she was unfairly eliminated for consideration of a promotion because of her distinctive accent. The current employee is a second-generation native-born American citizen, holds a graduate degree, have been employed with the company for 10 years and in her current position for seven years. Another employee, Alex an Anglo, is considered for the promotion instead of his fellow co-worker Maria. He holds a graduate degree, but has less time in the same position. He has been evaluated to show signs of advancement and ambition, as well as have a better job evaluation. Maria indicates that she is the only employee of race, color and sex in her current department. She accuses her supervisor, who is a white male, of being bias and claims that was the reason for her lower evaluation. She stated that her supervisor informed her that she was not considered for promotion due to the fear that their clients would have trouble understanding her accent. She alleges that the company is engaging in discriminatory practices. The company argues that Maria is a good employee but is often loud and aggressive in her approach to co-workers and supervisors and has had some problems with attendance and tardiness. Twice her supervisor has counseled her for tardiness, and once for absence, which each time she gave family problems as reasons. She justified that in each case a family member needed help and it was her duty to be there for the family member. When the issue of accent was introduced, it was acknowledged that it was a major consideration but was not because of discrimination. Maria often spoke very rapidly, and her accent made understanding difficult when she did. The company alleges that the ability to communicate clearly was an essential component of the job in question. This topic scenario was chosen so that managers or supervisors learn how to properly address an employee regarding their evaluation results. This topic is important to the study of cultural diversity because due to globalization, managers and supervisors will eventually come across multiple ethnic groups with different cultural backgrounds and nationalities. It is crucial for managers or supervisors to communicate and successfully solve conflict among diverse ethnic employees within a company. The student will expect to find how a manager or supervisor should determine what course of action is appropriate when conflict has risen about race, gender and accent in a company. Information about the EEOC and the law pertaining about this case will be introduced. Evaluation of the steps taken in this scenario will be explained as well as solutions, if any, will be given to properly execute effective communication. Statistical data will be presented about the increase of Hispanic occupation in the United States as well as gender in the workforce. Solutions on to how improve the company and its managers or supervisors will be given in order to prevent future unintentional discriminatory processes.

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow: Hope and Dreams in a Bi-Cultural Identity

The dilemma of having a bi-cultural identity has oftentimes been neglected as immigrants’ voices have often occupied a marginalized position in mainstream media and literature that mirrors their position at the margins of society. In Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow, author Faiza Guene gives voice to Arab-French immigrants through the character of Doria and allows her readers a glimpse of Parisian life as viewed from the perspective of someone who desperately wants to be a part of it but is kept an outsider by her ethnicity.More importantly, Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow not only illuminates the hardship confronting the children of immigrants as they are caught in between cultures that often clash with each other but also the hope and dreams of better lives that individuals coping with bi-cultural identities nurture in order to survive, often taking and using the best from both worlds available to them as an inspiration to dream of better things.Doria’s story shows the painful experience of growing up in-between cultures as a Moroccan living in the projects of Paris and her struggle to cope with societal and cultural expectations as well as with marginalization. Born and raised in poverty by an immigrant Moroccan family, Doria has to contend with a variety of issues that mirror the problems faced by immigrants everywhere. She shamelessly reveals her bitterness about having to depend on food stamps and cheap housing from the French government although her mother already works long hours to earn a living.As a consequence of her difficulty with fitting into the mainstream French culture, Doria suffers from problems at school and withdraws from others in her immediate environment. Instead she feels most close to Hamoudi, a neighbor and drug dealer, who has known her since she was little and whom, perhaps in her view, she shares a commonality as a social outcast.Although she is regularly visited by a social worker to help her handle her problems, she develops feelings of r esentment for social workers and psychologists whom she thinks are insincere in their efforts to help them. This stems from her opinion that these people cannot truly empathize with the immigrants’ problems given the privileged position accorded to them by their pure French identities. Another source of bitterness for Doria is her gender, which she thinks is the reason why her father left her and her mother since the Moroccan culture places a premium on having a son.It is therefore not hard to imagine the roots of Doria’s hostility towards the world. Doria is doubly stigmatized by her ethnic identity as an Arab and by the impoverished condition of her family. For instance, she pities her illiterate mother whose accent is always being made fun of, a reflection of how the mainstream culture tends to look down on cultural minorities such as Arabs and on other cultures in general.On the other hand, Doria is depressed by the fact that the good Parisian life remains distant to her and her mother as illustrated by their inability to see the Eiffel Tower despite its proximity to their home, or by the fact that they cannot afford a real Levi’s jeans unlike her classmates. As such, Doria resorts to imagination, sarcasm, and even feigning autism to ease her feelings of alienation from affluent Parisian lifestyles.It is clear, though, that Doria has absorbed the value system of Parisian culture. In one of her accounts, for instance, she makes the observation that `waxing hurts, and if you hurt somebody it shows a lack of respect,† a comment that shows her knowledge of French women’s beauty regimen. She also sees the television as the â€Å"poor man’s Koran,† and even bases her fantasies and imaginings on the realities depicted in the television.At the same time, she invents a dream life based on both her Morrocan and French value systems to draw the Parisian life as she perceives it to be in her attempt to bridge the gap bet ween her dream and current reality. It is these dreams of leaving the projects and building a better life for herself and her mother that sustains Doria although she is painfully aware that for people like her these may remain out of reach.Thus, beneath her pessimistic and sarcastic tone, and even the vengeful characteristic of her imaginings, Doria desperately wants to overcome her bitterness towards her circumstances with her recognition of her difficulties as experiences to learn from. She is therefore brought to tears when Hamoudi states the phrase Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow as it represents a hopeful view that things are always getting better.Towards the end of the story Doria and her mother’s situation do not necessarily change for the better or even change at all, but this is exactly what Doria’s story aims to point out to its readers, that despite the hardships and the seeming inability of people like them to rise up from their marginal position, they will always dra w hope from knowing that tomorrow things will not be the same and there will be better times ahead of them.

The 3 Best Sites to Learn a New Word Every Day

The 3 Best Sites to Learn a New Word Every Day In terms of vocabulary development, we were all little geniuses in childhood, learning hundreds of new words every year. By the time we entered first grade, most of us had active vocabularies of several thousand words. Unfortunately, we werent geniuses for very long. By age 11 or 12, equipped with a sizable survival vocabulary, most of us lost some of our early enthusiasm for language, and the rate at which we picked up new words began to decline significantly. As adults, if we dont make deliberate efforts to increase our vocabularies, were lucky to pick up even 50 or 60 new words a year. The English language has so much to offer (at least half a million words by most reckonings) that it would be a shame to let our vocabulary-building talents go to waste. So heres one way that we can regain some of our youthful brilliance: learn a new word each day. Whether youre a student preparing for the SAT, ACT, or GRE, or simply an unabashed logophile (or lover of words), starting each day with a fresh word can be intellectually nourishing- and more enjoyable than a bowl of All-Bran. Here are three of our favorite daily word sites: all are free and available through e-mail subscriptions. A.Word.A.Day (AWAD) Founded in 1994, A.Word.A.Day at Wordsmith.org is the creation of Anu Garg, an India-born computer engineer who clearly enjoys sharing his pleasure in words. Simply designed, this popular site (over a million subscribers from more than 170 countries) offers concise definitions and examples of words that relate to a different theme every week. The New York Times has called this the most welcomed, most enduring piece of daily mass e-mail in cyberspace. Recommended for all word lovers. Oxford English Dictionary Word of the Day For many of us, the Oxford English Dictionary is the ultimate reference work, and the OED Word of the Day provides a complete entry (including a wealth of illustrative sentences) from the 20-volume dictionary. You can sign up to have the OEDs Word of the Day delivered by e-mail or RSS web feed. Recommended for scholars, English majors, and logophiles. Merriam-Websters Word of the Day Less expansive than the OED site, the daily word page hosted by this U.S. dictionary-maker offers an audio pronunciation guide along with basic definitions and etymologies. The Merriam-Webster Word of the Day is also available as a podcast, which you can listen to on your computer or MP3 player. Recommended for high school and college students as well as advanced ESL students. Other Daily Word Sites These sites should also be useful to high school and college students. Dictionary.com Word of the DayThe Learning Network (The New York Times)The Quotations Page Word of the Day Of course, you dont have to go online to learn new words. You can simply begin making a list of new words that you encounter in your reading and conversations. Then look up each word in a dictionary and write down the definition along with a sentence that illustrates how the word is used. But if you need a little encouragement to work on building your vocabulary every day, sign up for one of our favorite word-a-day sites.

The Heinkel He 111 or the Luftwaffe Bomber

The Heinkel He 111 or the Luftwaffe Bomber With its defeat in World War I, the leaders of Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles which formally ended the conflict. Though a far-reaching agreement, one section of the treaty specifically forbade Germany from constructing and operating an air force. Due to this restriction, when Germany commenced rearmament in the early 1930s, aircraft development occurred in secrecy or proceeded under the guise of civilian use. Around this time, Ernst Heinkel commenced an initiative to design and build a high-speed passenger plane. To design this aircraft, he hired Siegfried and Walter Gà ¼nter. The result of the Gà ¼nters efforts was the Heinkel He 70 Blitz which began production in 1932. A successful aircraft, the He 70 featured an elliptical inverted gull wing and a BMW VI engine. Impressed with the He 70, the Luftfahrtkommissariat, which sought a new transport aircraft that could be converted to a bomber in wartime, contacted Heinkel. Responding to this inquiry, Heinkel began work to enlarge the aircraft to meet the requested specifications and to compete with new twin-engine aircraft such as the Dornier Do 17. Preserving the key features of the He 70, including the wing shape and BMW engines, the new design became known as the Doppel-Blitz (Double Blitz). Work on the prototype pushed forward and it first took to the skies on February 24, 1935, with Gerhard Nitschke at the controls. Competing with the Junkers Ju 86, the new Heinkel He 111 compared favorably and a government contract was issued. Design Variants Early variants of the He 111 utilized a traditional stepped cockpit with separate windscreens for the pilot and copilot. Military variants of the aircraft, which began production in 1936, saw the inclusion of dorsal and ventral gun positions, a bomb bay for 1,500 lbs. of bombs, and a longer fuselage. The addition of this equipment adversely affected the He 111s performance as the BMW VI engines did not produce sufficient power to offset the additional weight. As a result, the He 111B was developed in the summer of 1936. This upgrade saw more powerful DB 600C engines with variable pitch airscrews installed as well as additions to the aircrafts defensive armament. Pleased with the improved performance, the Luftwaffe ordered 300 He 111Bs and deliveries commenced in January 1937. Subsequent improvements produced the D-, E-, and F-variants. One of the most notable changes during this period was the elimination of the elliptical wing in favor of a more-easily produced one featuring straight leading and trailing edges. The He 111J variant saw the aircraft tested as a torpedo bomber for the Kriegsmarine though the concept was later dropped. The most visible change to the type came in early 1938 with the introduction of the He 111P. This saw the entire forward part of the aircraft altered as the stepped cockpit was removed in favor of a bullet-shaped, glazed nose. In addition, improvements were made to the power plants, armament, and other equipment. In 1939, the H-variant entered production. The most widely produced of any He 111 model, the H-variant began entering service on the eve of World War II. Possessing a heavier bomb load and greater defensive armament than its predecessors, the He 111H also included enhanced armor and more powerful engines. The H-variant remained in production into 1944 as the Luftwaffes follow-on bomber projects, such as the He 177 and Bomber B, failed to yield an acceptable or reliable design. In 1941, a final, mutated variant of the He 111 commenced testing. The He 111Z Zwilling saw the merging of two He 111s into one large, twin-fuselage aircraft powered by five engines. Intended as a glider tug and transport, the He 111Z was produced in limited numbers. Operational History In February 1937, a group of four He 111Bs arrived in Spain for service in the German Condor Legion. Ostensibly a German volunteer unit supporting Francisco Francos Nationalist forces, it served as a training ground for Luftwaffe pilots and for evaluating new aircraft. Making their combat debut on March 9, the He 111s attacked Republican airfields during the Battle of Guadalajara. Proving more effective than the Ju 86 and the Do 17, the type soon appeared in larger numbers over Spain. Experience with the He 111 in this conflict allowed designers at Heinkel to further refine and improve the aircraft. With the beginning of World War II on September 1, 1939, He 111s formed the backbone of the Luftwaffes bombing assault on Poland. Though performing well, the campaign against the Poles revealed that the aircrafts defensive armament required enhancement. In the early months of 1940, He 111s conducted raids against British shipping and naval targets in the North Sea before supporting the invasions of Denmark and Norway. On May 10, Luftwaffe He 111s aided ground forces as they opened the campaign in the Low Countries and France. Taking part in the Rotterdam Blitz four days later, the type continued to strike both strategic and tactical targets as the Allies retreated. At the end of the month, He 111s mounted raids against the British as they conducted the Dunkirk Evacuation. With the fall of France, the Luftwaffe began preparing for the Battle of Britain. Concentrating along the English Channel, He 111 units were joined by those flying the Do 17 and Junkers Ju 88. Commencing in July, the assault on Britain saw the He 111 encounter fierce resistance from Royal Air Force Hawker Hurricanes and Supermarine Spitfires. The early phases of the battle showed a need for the bomber to have a fighter escort and revealed a vulnerability to head-on attacks due to the He 111s glazed nose. In addition, repeated engagements with British fighters showed that the defensive armament was still inadequate. In September, the Luftwaffe switched to targeting British cities. Though not designed as a strategic bomber, the He 111 proved capable in this role. Fitted with Knickebein and other electronic aids, the type was able to bomb blind and maintained pressure on the British through the winter and spring of 1941. Elsewhere, the He 111 saw action during the campaigns in the Balkans and the invasion of Crete. Other units were sent to North Africa to support the operations of the Italians and the German Afrika Korps. With the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, He 111 units on the Eastern Front were initially asked to provide tactical support for the Wehrmacht. This expanded to striking the Soviet rail network and then to strategic bombing. Later Operations Though offensive action formed the core of the He 111s role on the Eastern Front, it also was pressed into duty on several occasions as a transport. It earned distinction in this role during by evacuating wounded from the Demyansk Pocket and later in re-supplying German forces during the Battle of Stalingrad. By the spring of 1943, overall He 111 operational numbers began to decline as other types, such as the Ju 88, assumed more of the load. In addition, increasing Allied air superiority hampered offensive bombing operations. During the wars later years, the He 111 continued to mount raids against Soviet shipping in the Black Sea with the assistance of FuG 200 Hohentwiel anti-shipping radar. In the west, He 111s were tasked with delivering V-1 flying bombs to Britain in late 1944. With the Axis position collapsing late in the war, He 111s supported numerous evacuations as German forces withdrew. The He 111s final missions of the war came as German forces attempted to halt the Soviet drive on Berlin in 1945. With the surrender of Germany in May, the He 111s service life with the Luftwaffe came to an end. The type continued to be used by Spain until 1958. Additional license-built aircraft, constructed in Spain as the CASA 2.111, remained in service until 1973. Heinkel He 111 H-6 Specifications General Length: 53 ft., 9.5 in.Wingspan: 74 ft., 2 in.Height: 13 ft., 1.5 in.Wing Area: 942.92 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 19,136 lbs.Loaded Weight: 26,500 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 30,864 lbs.Crew: 5 Performance Maximum Speed: 273 mphRange: 1,429 milesRate of Climb: 850 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 21,330 ft.Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" Jumo 211F-1 or 211F-2 liquid-cooled inverted V-12 Armament 7 Ãâ€" 7.92 mm MG 15 or MG 81 machine guns, (2 in the nose, 1 in the dorsal, 2 on the side, 2 ventral. These may have been replaced by 1 Ãâ€" 20 mm MG FF cannon (nose mount or forward ventral position) or 1 Ãâ€" 13 mm MG 131 machine gun (mounted dorsal and/or ventral rear positions)Bombs: 4,400 lb. in internal bomb bay

Personal statement apply master Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apply master - Personal Statement Example I am applying Information management in your esteemed institution since I am extremely interested in the various topics which I have covered in my undergraduate course. My interest in this discipline was aroused in my undergraduate studies in BA Economics since it has a lot of information that needs to be analyzed and evaluated for future reference. On the other hand, information management covers imperative areas which will also broaden my understanding as well as knowledge of the discipline as a whole. Currently, I am a level 3 student which is a high score. This means that given a chance to study for my postgraduate program in your institution, I will be able to further achieve better grades. I am also good leader especially to my fellow students. This is why; I was selected team leader of my study group. This is because; I am not only cooperative, but also a team player who encourages cohesion of all group members. I believe that for any group to be productive there is need to use the right kind of leadership style and that is why I utilize a democratic leadership style in my group. I believe that given a chance to I will be able to add value to the institution’s leadership aspects and enhance personal performance as well as that of the institution. I am passionate about information management and that is why; I am currently reading books that will further enhance the understanding of the discipline. I also understand the essence of taking part in active sports. That is why I take part in basketball, Ping-pong and shooting. If admitted to the university, I will participate in these sports to further its recognition in sports. Taking Information Management is important to me because when I complete my studies, I will go back to China for business. I have work experience from my internship program in International Settlement Department of the Huancheng. The internship gave me firsthand experience in handling date. I think that Information

Web Application development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Web Application development - Assignment Example The people who share same spirits in sports would find this application as a great place for sharing their experiences, giving and taking advises, organizing events etc. This application will use the latest technology and simple yet elegant user interface. The Application allows it user to search people based on their interest in any sports. Search results could be filtered by location when the area of the operation expands in the future. The application will be developed with HTML5 and JavaScript in the front end and PHP in the server side scripting. Initially MySQL could be used as database client as number of users and frequency of interactions are considered. When future functionalities are introduced and website’s hits will be increasing, a more scalable database client such as Cassandra could be used. In this report we are including a detailed timeline for the development of application, design, structure, implementation details and future development ideas. New users can register to our web application through a signup facility. Users are requested to provide an username and password in order to gain full access to Sports pal .Non registered users can access only the homepage contents. User data is only passed through an encrypted SSL connection (Buttyan n.d.: 1). During the registration process Sports pal will collect details such as Full name, Date of Birth, Email address and physical location of the users. These details are displayed in our profile page. User can also update these details even after signing up to our application. These profiles are publicly viewable by all users of the application. Users are requested to add a sport of their interest during signup process and it could be edited in user profile functionality. Users can update their status message logging in to Sports Pal. This is a common featured shared by all social networking websites today. This facility will allow

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Answer questions - Essay Example Here, issues of bank overdraft are nonexistent and the business is in a good business shape. An example of when underlying circumstances may be such that the accounts receivable turnover increases one period to the next and is favorable is when the accounts receivable turnover has a high value, which shows that there is an improvement in the process of collecting cash on credit sales. An example of when underlying circumstances may be such that the accounts receivable turnover increases one period to the next and is unfavorable is when the accounts receivable turnover has a lower figure that indicated inefficiencies in collection of credit sales. A example of when the underlying circumstances may be such that the accounts payable turnover increases from one period to the next is favorable is when a company is paying its suppliers longer than it should take. This means that the company is taking advantage of discounts that come with early payment. Credit analysis refers to the method used to investigate whether a company has the financial ability to repay its obligations. It is done through the development of classification-based approach that seeks to differentiate potential defaulters from non-defaulters. The basics of credit analysis can be understood through five C’s that include character, capacity, capital, collateral and conditions. The first C, character, refers to the general impression the customer has on the prospective investor or lender. The lender comes up with a subjective opinion regarding whether the company or client can be trusted to repay a loan or generate a return from the funds that are invested into the firm. The background of the company and the experience in its particular field of business are issues that must be considered including issues of employee experience, and the quality of the references given

Rise of the Merchant Class in the Middle Ages

Rise of the Merchant Class in the Middle Ages The Middle Ages, which is considered to be the time between 500 and 1500 AD gave rise to a new economic and cultural experience in Europe. The transition from the Classical Age to the Renaissance was a process of evolution. After the barbarian invasions of Europe during the fourth and fifth centuries by the Anglos, Saxons, Goths, and Huns, the great Roman Empire declined. It was only starting in the eighth century that Europe slowly began its cultural, as well as economic, recovery. Politically, several new states emerged starting in the year 900, including the consolidated Scandinavian states under King Sweyn of Denmark; the creation of a Hungarian state; and the states of Bohemia and Poland. These states were very stable monarchies, which helped widen commercial exchange between one another. The Scandinavians traded extensively with the east, the Mediterranean countries, and with Russia. The end of various civil wars in Europe helped countries like Italy make a name for themselves in trade with the Mediterranean. Pisa, Genoa, and Amalfi, were all major commercial hubs. Germany and northern Europe were also able to make use of trade routes to the Mediterranean through Italy and France. Another result of the more settled Europe was the revival of agriculture, which was further stimulated by commercial expansion due to the growing exchange economy. Many cities began expanding, creating the demand for larger amounts of agricultural produce. As a result, previously unproductive lands in countries such as France and Germany were converted to fertile farms, rich with grazing herds. Nobleman with large pieces of uncultivated land offered these lands to peasants for cultivation in return for which they collected payment or rent. This was the beginning of the feudal system in Europe. Under the feudal system, kings gave nobleman large grants of land in exchange for soldiers. In exchange for fighting, the soldiers were given gifts of jewels, horses, and sometimes land, in territories that had been newly conquered, called fiefs. These vassals, or servants to the king had authority over the peasants, called the serfs, who worked on their land. The vassals became powerful local rulers who made their own laws, which the workers on their land were required to obey. Economic progress stimulated by this system gave rise to new towns and a rise in population in areas that were previously unsettled. The rapid increase in population due to the economic revolution resulted in a shortage of land. However, instead of causing a problem, farming and land cultivation techniques improved so that land could be used more efficiently. This also shifted quite an amount of the population away from farming jobs, and into jobs in towns and cities. By the 1100s, these hard working urban citizens formed the middle class and were enterprising, ambitious, and contributed to the success of an early form of capitalism. This medieval capitalism is often referred to as the birth of capitalism. Contributing to the development of the European intellectual, religious, and moral recovery was the setting up of new monasteries, since the church had also suffered due to the numerous invasions in the past. The more settled political climate helped bring back the influence of the church. A few of the great noblemen founded new reformed monastic houses that were more inclusive including the famous abbey of Einsiedeln, the monastic school of St. Emmereram, and the Episcopal school of Bamberg. This reformation of the monasteries broke down regional differences and revived discipline as well as literary and artistic life. The feudal ideas of lordship extended even to the monasteries, as in the case of the abbot of Cluny who was the head of all monasteries founded or reformed by his order. Even though there was much political, economic, and religious progress, new problems were created by all this development. Consolidation of kingdoms created complications for German, Italian, Hungarian, and Polish rulers. In Germany, the economic recovery caused tension between the aristocracy, which was only interested in profiting as much as possible from the revived economy, and the government. In Italy, it led to antagonism between the knights, and their feudal lords, or bishops. However, the social revolution between the knights and the bishops gave rise to powerful new classes that strived to better their positions, leading to nobles and non-nobles. In spite of all of these tensions, people still had jobs to support the growing population in cities and towns. Any commodity that was unavailable in individual fiefdoms, was obtained by barter. Artisans made farm implements, dishes, and clothing, which they exchanged for the grain, wine, and meat produced on the farms. Beginning in the tenth century, a new class of trading people emerged, referred to as peddlers. Peddlers traveled from town to town, supplying the nobility and the peasants with the products they needed. The areas frequently visited by them quickly developed into towns, which emerged as major centers of trade and attracted many merchants who supplied the prospering nobility. As the nobility got wealthier, they were able to afford gems, silks, exotic spices, and other symbols of wealth. The merchants who previously went from town to town, were now traveling to foreign locations such as Egypt, Morrocco, and Turkey. The activities of the traders permanently altered the f ace of European society, leading to a commercial revolution, which was essentially the shift of power from the landlords and nobility to the merchants. Concentration of wealth in emerging cities such as Florence, Venice, London, and Paris attracted merchants worldwide. By the tenth century, extensive trade routes had been established connecting Britain, the European continent, the Middle East, and North Africa, by river and by sea. Asia and the Middle East had several excellent overland trade routes. For instance, the four thousand mile long Silk Road led out of China all the way to the Black Sea in Eastern Europe, through Persia, Afghanistan, and India. Germanys Hanseatic League saved traders time with their larger ships that carried wine and salt to the East in exchange for the grain and timber they bought back. Some traders and merchants began plying the sea routes in search of more goods and profits. Due to its location between the East and Europe, Italy was a vital trading country. Merchants from Venice traded with those from the Byzantine Empire through Turkey, and merchants from Pisa and Genoa traded with cities in North Africa. They brought back African gold and ivory, precious stones, silks, perfumes, and spices from Persia and India, Turkish carpets, Persian ceramics, and Syrian glass and metalwork, all of which commanded high prices in Europe. In the eleventh century, local merchants primarily sold their goods in weekly markets. A network of weekly markets was one of the main components of the booming economic progress that swept across Europe in the Middle Ages. These markets spurred the creation of money, and harbored huge amounts of wealth to the merchants. Fairs, which lasted for weeks and were held at crossroads of important trade routes, were another means by which well-established merchants bought and sold goods. Some of the most important trading fairs included the 12-day cloth fair and the 8-day leather fair, both held in Champagne, France. Since fairs and markets could easily be ruined by undesirable weather conditions, some traders eventually came up with ways to make profits without ever leaving their homes. Using credit, they bought and sold goods through agents at various fairs, giving rise to a form of banking. This contributed to a free flow of money, which enriched the lives of people in all classes of society. This increase in wealth helped patronize artisans, goldsmiths, and retailers. The towns that expanded around the fair sites attracted business and brought about the standardization of currency, weights and measures. The merchant class largely populated the new towns that sprang up, and influenced the economy and social life of their societies. The towns attracted specialists such as grocers, spice merchants, cobblers, apothecaries, and goldsmiths who formed unions called guilds. These guilds set the prices for the goods they produced, as they were the only ones in the area creating this product in the area. Therefore the citizens in this area were willing to pay whatever price they charged. Their control over these prices led to much of their control over the economy. Additionally, they effected and influenced social life with the elaborate feasts and celebrations they held for religious services, holidays, and similar events. With the increase of merchant activities and the rise of the merchant class, it became necessary for them to learn to read, write, do arithmetic, and have a general knowledge of foreign affairs. Local governments and scholars, both of which profited from teaching the children of these merchants, set up schools to take care of the demand for education. The success of the schools in turn, led to the establishment of universities, so that people were able to continue their education if they desired. Some of these universities include Oxford, Cambridge, Chartres, Reims, and the University of Paris. The rising importance of schools broke the monopoly that the church previously had in the area of education. Since merchants made great profits from buying and selling goods, they were considered sinners by the church, because they enriched themselves rather than working for common good. The fear of hell was very real and the church often confiscated merchant estates. To avoid this, merchants began contributing some of the wealth they made to monasteries and churches, and providing funds to charitable causes including hospitals and homes for those without shelter. The rise of the merchant class gained them access to high society and some became famous patrons of the arts, constructing concert halls, churches, and other cultural centers. These merchants spread wealth and culture to the masses and assisted in dissolving the previously existing social structure by creating a society where even a peasant was able to rise in wealth and status. Merchants that joined the ranks of nobility further strengthened their position in society by patronizing the arts even more. They hired artists, musicians, and writers to produce works that still live on today, including works of art such as Madonna and Child, Nativity, and the Wise Man, by renowned artists such as Michaelangelo, Botticelli, and Leonardo Da Vinci. Some of the extremely successful merchants, known as the merchant princes, sometimes became so powerful they controlled their countries wealth. The Medicis, a family of bankers that lived Italy, are an example of such powerful and successful merchants. As a result of this patronage of the arts, many architectural and artistic gems were produced during this time. Some of the buildings built during the Middle Ages using the Gothic or Romanesque styles used such advanced techniques that these buildings are still existent today. The Chartres cathedral, the Laon Cathedral, and St. Denis, all in France for instance, represent the quality of the churches, houses, and castles built during that time. Also produced during the Middle Ages was some beautiful art work that is often overlooked, including jewelry, pottery, metalwork, carved woodwork, sculptures, and illustrated manuscripts. Most of the art work was created in the setting of the church, such as murals of Biblical stories, chalices, shrines, reliquaries, and statues of angels and saints. The rise of the merchant class also made portraits very popular, along with intricate work for personal use such as woven tapestries, decorated manuscripts, tableware, jewelry, and carved furniture . Inventions and technology during the Middle Ages were in the form of a gradual improvement in the way things were done, rather than a series of dramatic discoveries. It took place in the form of a gradual shift away from mass slavery, the use of wind power, of open fields in agriculture, the use of the wheelbarrow, double entry book-keeping, and finally the use of firearms and printing. The windlass, a rope around a barrel which turned using a crank, was used to lift heavy loads. Water mills and windmills were used to power all kinds of machinery. For instance, a hammer driven by a mill was used in fulling cloth, which is a method of cleaning fabric used in textile production. A new kind of loom was introduced as well as the invention of the spinning wheel, which greatly reduced the time taken to weave cloth, and produce new fabrics. The secrets of producing silk were passed on from Greece to other parts of Europe. Papermaking was brought back from China, greatly reducing the cost an d time to write and produce books. The growth and progress of the European civilization in the middle ages was largely due to the rise of the merchant class. With their ambition and hard work, they paved the way for modern times. Under their leadership, Europe enjoyed a prosperity not known since the Roman Empire. When Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, it had attained a level of sophistication in its universities, literature, art, learning, science and technology, that were unmatched in the world. Significant advances were made in the areas of tenant farming, harnessing the horse to the plough, cloth making, iron working, ship building and navigation. This technical progress would not have amounted to much if it had not been coupled with the intellectual tools that the businessmen of that time used to manage his business and observe and measure fluctuations in the economy. The world of trade had to perfect various systems: from dealing with rates of exchange for goods and services outside their towns or even countr ies, establishing credit procedures, legal bases in keeping with the times, and methods for monitoring and balancing their accounts. All of these eventually became the foundation for our modern system of economic relations. Although it is often ignored in history, the Middle Ages saw the birth of a new cultural experience in Europe, which eventually led to the Renaissance. The cultural heritage of the Middle Ages is still apparent in architecture, art, education, science and technology, that have survived the test of time. Bibliography: Gold and Spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages, Jean Favier The Medieval Merchant, Stuart A. Kallen The Middle Ages, Giovanni Caselli The Late Middle Ages, Raintree Steck-Vaughn Library The Medieval World, Mike Corbishley Life During the Middle Ages, Earle Rice, Jr.

Women and Islam Essay -- Islamic Females Islam Essays

Women in Islam   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religious institution has a profound impact on any and every society. Social norms, mores, and expectations are mostly defined by our belief systems, even if we ourselves don’t practice a religion. Government too is always based on common agreement upon what is right and wrong, and who is to rule. A society can experience violent opposition and revolutions because of radical religious groups. There’s no doubt about it. In any society, small or large, primitive or modern, religious institution plays a leading role. Islam is no exception. This paper will explore three critical aspects of Islamic society. The first is Democracy. Just how incompatible is an Islamic society with democracy? Secondly, how are women treated by Islamic society? Are they treated as equal to men, and why? Lastly, is Islam conducive to human rights? Is this reflected by Islamic governments? All of these questions and more will be considered in the following. It’s definitely not the first time it’s been asked. Can Democracy really function in an Islamic society? Some say yes, some say no. But the answer doesn’t seem to be quite so black and white. The Muslim countries in the world today are all different, and all have or have had different relationships with democracy. In order to better understand the answer to this question, we must look at some of the factors that influence the relationship between Islam and Democracy. According to Daniel E. Price, there are seven major categories of influences on the relationship between Islam and Democracy. These are historical influences, regime strength, regime strategy for dealing with political Islam, Islamic political groups, modernization/economics/demographics, politicized sectarian, ethnic, linguistic, or class cleavages, and minority religious groups. In history, there have been several notable aspects of society that have influence on Muslim countries. Colonialism has obviously induced a sort of backfiring from Radical Islam, and it is for this reason that most Muslim Countries that have had a history of Colonialism have a stronger presence of Radical Islam. These countries include Algeria, Syria, and Egypt. There is a stronger lingering hostility toward ideas attributed to the West (liberalism and democracy) and Westernized classes because of their association with the former colonial overlords. (Price, ... ...rn ideology. There is nothing in the Qur’an or Sharia that actually directly confirms that these three aspects of Islamic society are exactly as we in the West perceive. The problem is that the way that Muslims interpret their scriptures is contrary and even offensive to the West and its common ideologies. Lastly, the criticism and influence from the West toward Islamic culture, in addition to historical colonialization, only intensifies their rejection of the West and its criticism, and actually seems to make the problems concerning Democracy, women, and human rights even worse. Bibliography Esposito, John L. 1980 Islam and Development: Religioni and Sociopolitical Change   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Syracuse University Press: Syracuse. Macionis, John J. 1992 Society: The Basics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lehigh Press, Inc.: New Jersey. Price, Daniel E. 1999 Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Praeger Publishers: Connecticut. Spellberg, D.A. 1994 Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of A’isha Bint Abi Bakr   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Columbia University Press: New York. Turner, Bryan S. 1974 Weber and Islam   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western Printing Services Ltd: Great Britain.

Midaq Alley as the Woman

The women of the Middle East would continue to uphold their traditional image, even though in their heart of hearts many of them may be yearning for plain liberty.   The chief character of Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley (1992) is a woman by the name of Hamida, who must put up acts to stay true to her traditions, at the same time as she yearns for something beyond the ordinary.   Yet, her passage into a world where men and women must be considered equal is a narrow one. As a matter of fact, her life is the Midaq Alley, which â€Å"resembles a ‘trap,’ with walls on three sides, making darkness one of its pervasive features (Deeb).†Ã‚   What is more, there is a very narrow entrance and an equally narrow exit to the small alley – away from the big, outside world – that the Middle Eastern woman has come to represent in Mahfouz’s novel (Deeb). Yet, Hamida is not the kind to give up easily.   She sneers at her husbands-to-be simply because she wants something better than them, most definitely a life that is more prosperous, and outright superior, that is, the big, outside world.   She considers her husbands-to-be as nonentities because she thinks she can achieve well for herself without them.   At the same time, she is bounded by Middle Eastern customs and culture to choose one prospect and get married like ordinary girls (Mahfouz). Hamida admires the women who have escaped their marital bonds.   She is especially inspired by the factory girls she knows – who all happen to be Jewish.   She informs her mother about the same, â€Å"If you had seen the factory girls!   You should just see those Jewish girls who go to work.   They all go about in nice clothes.   Well, what is the point of life then if we can't wear what we want? (Mahfouz)† According to Middle Eastern customs for women, Hamida must control her true desires before the cultural expectations that are attached to all women.   All the same, Mahfouz brings to the mind’s eye the picture of Middle Eastern women that are longing to free themselves from the bonds of patriarchy, and all the rules of society that are connected to the same.   Apparently, the Middle Eastern women would also like to free themselves from the difficult clothing they are forced to wear. Perhaps they would like breaks from such clothing.   While women such as Hamida may genuinely face a problem with restrictive customs, Mahfouz also describes the ‘proper’ girls that are not expected to show their desires anyway.   Boys of the Middle East, on the contrary, are allowed various other facilities, also according to the author.   Boys are permitted, among other things, access to sex, nightlife, and friendships outside the family (Mahfouz). When Hamida gets married to Abbas, she only does so to escape her mother’s home.   Escape seems to be her only wish.   She turns into a prostitute as soon as her husband leaves home for an indefinite period of time.   But, does she find her eventual escape route through this act?   It appears that while many Middle Eastern women may be searching for escape routes from traditions, once and for all, it was only Hamida who actually managed to escape.   Whether she had dreamt of reaching a brothel or not is not the point of Mahfouz’s tale. The fact remains that Hamida had no choice to live a liberated life as a Middle Eastern woman, except as a prostitute.   Most Middle Eastern women would shun the idea of prostitution altogether, calling it a major sin.   However, Hamida was so desperate to escape that she defied the common image of the Middle Eastern woman to truly escape her cultural constraints, once and for all.   Whether she also found happiness is not the concern of the author either.   Hamida’s liberation, on the other hand, is an important message of Midaq Alley (Mahfouz). Hamida was the kind who merely upheld the traditional image of the Middle Eastern woman, just as many other Middle Eastern women probably do.   At the same time, she was desperate enough to express her suppressed desires of liberation that she chose the career of prostitution so as to escape all associations with the patriarchal traditions.   Perhaps, therefore, Mahfouz’s writing is a warning for the extremely strict movements that reduce people to suppressed desperation, which eventually bursts into crimes and various other problems (Mahfouz). Works Cited Deeb, Marius. â€Å"Najib Mahfuz's Midaq Alley: A Socio-Cultural Analysis.†   Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 10, No. 2 (1983), pp. 121-130. Mahfouz, Naguib. Midaq Alley. Reprint edition. New York: Anchor, 1992.   

Hybrid technology: shaping society’s future Essay

An Introduction to Hybrid Cars According to TechFaq, A hybrid car depends on two kinds of engines for propulsion power. Most hybrid cars available today use a combination of gasoline and electric engines while some use a combination of diesel and electric engines. Traditional gasoline-powered cars derive their propulsion power from combustion of gasoline. The combustion of gas produces the energy needed to turn the transmission as well as the wheels. Unfortunately, although fossil fuels still delivers the most power per pound, their by-products are harmful to the environment. Fossil fuels are also non renewable resources so as they became more scarce, their prices continued to rise. Electric-powered cars, on the other hand, have a set of powerful batteries for powering the electric motor which in turn rotates the transmission and turns the wheels. Although their by-products are almost pollution free, electric powered cars take a lot of time to recharge and are generally slow. A hybrid car combines the strengths of each type of engine. It produces less pollution and it is more economical than the conventional car while still being more powerful than electric powered cars. Its Components The components of a hybrid car are a fuel tank for the gasoline engine, a cutting-edge gasoline engine that is much smaller, more efficient and produces less pollution than usual gasoline engines, an electric motor/generator which can either draw energy from the batteries to power the car or charge the batteries while the car is slowing down, a set of batteries which acts much like the fuel tank for the electric motor, and the transmission which turns the wheels. It also has Regenerative Braking, Temporary Engine Shut-off, and other features like minimal-drag tires, carbon fiber, and other lightweight materials to reduce overall weight and state of the art aerodynamic designs for the body. All these things make it easier for a hybrid car to drive up inclines and accelerate, attain higher speeds as well as minimize fuel consumption and emissions (TeqFaq). Hybrid Cars and their Effects on Society Sky-high oil prices and an increased awareness of the energy and global-warming crises are helping fuel the hybrid’s gradually increasing visibility, wrote Donaldson-Evans of Fox News. â€Å"It’s part of the popular culture now. You are going to see more offerings,† said Aaron Robinson, technical editor at Car and Driver Magazine. â€Å"Car companies that do not offer hybrids will be seen as behind. † Its Effects on the People’s Buying Habits: According to the Donaldson-Evans report, with gasoline now being sold at higher than $3-a-gallon in much of the U. S. , hybrids are certainly getting more attention than ever before in their short lifespan. (Those sold in the United States are all less than 10 years old. )Almost every major car company that does business in America is offering hybrids or has them in the works. â€Å"Fuel is only going to get more expensive,† Robinson said. â€Å"People are changing their buying habits as a result. † Toyota has also pledged to make a total of one million hybrid cars by the end of the decade. â€Å"The hybrids have been profitable since very early on,† said Toyota Motor Sales U. S. A. spokesman Wade Hoyt. â€Å"We’re not losing money on it. It’s not a charity operation. We see the market as expanding. † Its Effects on the Car Industry The Japanese car manufacturer isn’t the only game in town when it comes to autos powered by gas and electric batteries, however. Ford Motor Company (F) offers the For Escape and the Mercury Mariner SUVs in the fuel-efficient forms, with plans for Ford Fusions and Mercury Milans to go hybrid by 2008. Ford Motor Co. spokesman Monte Doran said sales of the Escape and Mariner hybrids were up 55 percent in the first five months of 2006. â€Å"Ford is researching many different ways to deliver greener miles to consumers,† Doran said. â€Å"Hybrids are a very important part of that: They deliver amazing improvements in fuel economy without sacrificing performance and utility. † Other car makers with hybrids in the works: Hyundai, Nissan and GM’s Saturn and Chevrolet divisions, according to Robinson. Its Effects on Public Transportation The Fox News report went on by relaying how one Yellow Cab taxi driver in San Francisco has been carting passengers around in a Ford Escape hybrid since 2004 and can’t remember what his life was like in the strictly gas-powered world. â€Å"I love it. I wouldn’t go back to a regular cab,† said Paul Gillespie, the driver representative for the city’s seven-member taxi commission. â€Å"It saved me between $4,000 and $5,000 in gas last year. † Gillespie said San Francisco has between 40 and 50 hybrid taxis on the road, and he hopes to see that number climb steadily. â€Å"You’re just so much less noisy and intrusive and stinky,† he said. â€Å"It’s a win-win situation — you’re putting thousands of dollars in drivers’ pockets in addition to reducing CO2 emissions. † In the hybrid’s early days — around 1999 or 2000 — consumers and automakers were hesitant to latch onto the trend in part because of the fear that the battery would die every so often and be expensive to replace. Robinson believes hybrids will one day become so common and so widely used that they’ll just be another feature drivers can choose, rather than a totally different animal, the way they still seem now. It is expected that more and more public transportation vehicles will be using hybrid technology since it is to those vehicles that stop and go more often that hybrids work best as.